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Jacob Hoefnagel (also 'Jacobus', 'Jakob' or 'Jakub") (1573 in Antwerp – c.1632 in Dutch Republic or Hamburg), was a Flemish painter, printmaker, miniaturist, draftsman, art dealer, diplomat, merchant and politician. He is noted for his illustrations of natural history subjects as well as his portraits, topographical views, emblems and mythological works. ==Life== Jacob Hoefnagel was the oldest son of Joris Hoefnagel (1545–1600), a Flemish painter and miniaturist employed successively by the dukes of Bavaria and Emperor Rudolph II in Prague. Unlike his father who was not trained professionally as an artist but had started out as a merchant in the family business in diamonds and luxury goods, Jacob was given the opportunity to study art under a master in Antwerp.〔Thea Vignau-Wilberg, Neues zu Jacob Hoefnagel, in: Studia Rudolphina no. 10, 2010, p. 196-211 〕 He became a pupil of Abraham Liesaert in Antwerp. He then started a peripatetic life. He was in Frankfurt am Main at the latest in 1592 where he joined his father who had remarried there after the death of Jacob's mother. He was in Regensburg in 1594 and Vienna in 1602. Here he married in 1605 with Anna, the daughter of the Dutch court architect Anthoni Muys (Anton de Mois). This was already his third marriage. Throughout his life Jacob Hoefnagel would marry five times.〔 He also spent time in Prague and was in Rome in 1605. He is recorded in Prague in 1609 and again in Rome in 1610.〔 He was the court painter to Rudolf II in Prague from 1602 to 1613.〔(Jacob Hoefnagel (1575–ca. 1630), Orpheus Charming the Animals ) at the Morgan Library & Museum〕 In Prague he belonged to a circle of Flemish and Dutch merchants, artists and scholars, some of whom were Reformed, with close ties to the court of Rudolf II. He was a diplomat at the court at a time when Prague played a pivotal role in European affairs. In 1614 he obtained citizenship of Prague and married his fourth wife. He experienced financial difficulties, which he attributed to the court’s failure to pay his salary as a court painter.〔 During the Thirty Years' War, he took the side of the protestant Winter King Frederick V of the Palatinate against the catholic Habsburg dynasty. He was appointed as the official agent of the Bohemian estates to the Dutch Republic in 1618.〔 He had the right contacts for the position as he was the nephew of the Dutch poet and politician Constantijn Huygens, who had married his aunt Susanna Hoefnagel. Huygens was secretary to the Dutch Stadtholder Maurice, Prince of Orange.〔〔(Constantijn Huygens, Briefwisseling ). Deel 1: 1608-1634 (ed. J.A. Worp). Martinus Nijhoff, Den Haag 1911〕 He was convicted in absentia in a political process of embezzlement of funds. All his goods were confiscated and, according to some sources, he was sentenced to death. He could, however, flee.〔(Hoefnagel, Jakob ) on Austria-Forum〕〔 He spent time in Scandinavia including Stockholm and Göteborg (1622 - 1626). He is recorded on 30 April 1624 as a portrait painter in the Swedish court accounts. He was in Altona (Hamburg) in 1626 where he married for the fifth and last time.〔 He is subsequently present in Holland where he is recorded in Amsterdam and The Hague. Details about his last years are not available. His wife is recorded as a widow in Hamburg in 1633.〔〔(Jacob Hoefnagel ) at the Netherlands Institute for Art History 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jacob Hoefnagel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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